django_program.programs.models¶
Activity, signup, and travel grant models for django-program.
Functions
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Build per-user upload path: |
Classes
A conference activity such as a sprint, workshop, or social event. |
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A user's signup for an activity. |
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Secure payment details for travel grant reimbursement. |
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An expense receipt uploaded by a travel grant recipient. |
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A travel grant application for a conference. |
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Message attached to a travel grant application. |
- class django_program.programs.models.Activity[source]¶
Bases:
ModelA conference activity such as a sprint, workshop, or social event.
Represents a scheduled or unscheduled activity that attendees can sign up for. The
max_participantsfield caps signups when set, andspots_remainingcomputes the live availability.Activities can be linked to Pretalx submission types via the
pretalx_submission_typefield. When set, thetalksM2M is populated during sync with all talks of that submission type.- class ActivityType[source]¶
Bases:
TextChoicesClassification of conference activities.
- SPRINT = 'sprint'¶
- WORKSHOP = 'workshop'¶
- TUTORIAL = 'tutorial'¶
- LIGHTNING_TALK = 'lightning_talk'¶
- SOCIAL = 'social'¶
- OPEN_SPACE = 'open_space'¶
- SUMMIT = 'summit'¶
- OTHER = 'other'¶
- __new__(value)¶
- conference¶
Accessor to the related object on the forward side of a many-to-one or one-to-one (via ForwardOneToOneDescriptor subclass) relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Child.parentis aForwardManyToOneDescriptorinstance.
- name¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- slug¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- activity_type¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- description¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- location¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- room¶
Accessor to the related object on the forward side of a many-to-one or one-to-one (via ForwardOneToOneDescriptor subclass) relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Child.parentis aForwardManyToOneDescriptorinstance.
- pretalx_submission_type¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- talks¶
Accessor to the related objects manager on the forward and reverse sides of a many-to-many relation.
In the example:
class Pizza(Model): toppings = ManyToManyField(Topping, related_name='pizzas')
Pizza.toppingsandTopping.pizzasareManyToManyDescriptorinstances.Most of the implementation is delegated to a dynamically defined manager class built by
create_forward_many_to_many_manager()defined below.
- start_time¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- end_time¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- max_participants¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- requires_ticket¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- external_url¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- is_active¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- organizers¶
Accessor to the related objects manager on the forward and reverse sides of a many-to-many relation.
In the example:
class Pizza(Model): toppings = ManyToManyField(Topping, related_name='pizzas')
Pizza.toppingsandTopping.pizzasareManyToManyDescriptorinstances.Most of the implementation is delegated to a dynamically defined manager class built by
create_forward_many_to_many_manager()defined below.
- synced_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- created_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- updated_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- property spots_remaining: int | None¶
Return the number of remaining confirmed spots, or None if unlimited.
- promote_next_waitlisted()[source]¶
Promote the oldest waitlisted signup to confirmed.
Must be called inside a transaction. Returns the promoted signup or None if no one is waitlisted.
- Return type:
- exception DoesNotExist¶
Bases:
ObjectDoesNotExist
- exception MultipleObjectsReturned¶
Bases:
MultipleObjectsReturned
- conference_id¶
- get_activity_type_display(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.CharField: activity_type>)¶
- get_next_by_created_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: created_at>, is_next=True, **kwargs)¶
- get_next_by_updated_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: updated_at>, is_next=True, **kwargs)¶
- get_previous_by_created_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: created_at>, is_next=False, **kwargs)¶
- get_previous_by_updated_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: updated_at>, is_next=False, **kwargs)¶
- id¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- objects = <django.db.models.manager.Manager object>¶
- room_id¶
- signups¶
Accessor to the related objects manager on the reverse side of a many-to-one relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Parent.childrenis aReverseManyToOneDescriptorinstance.Most of the implementation is delegated to a dynamically defined manager class built by
create_forward_many_to_many_manager()defined below.
- class django_program.programs.models.ActivitySignup[source]¶
Bases:
ModelA user’s signup for an activity.
Each user may have at most one non-cancelled signup per activity, enforced by a conditional
UniqueConstraint. The status field tracks whether the signup is confirmed, waitlisted, or cancelled.- class SignupStatus[source]¶
Bases:
TextChoicesLifecycle states for an activity signup.
- CONFIRMED = 'confirmed'¶
- WAITLISTED = 'waitlisted'¶
- CANCELLED = 'cancelled'¶
- __new__(value)¶
- activity¶
Accessor to the related object on the forward side of a many-to-one or one-to-one (via ForwardOneToOneDescriptor subclass) relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Child.parentis aForwardManyToOneDescriptorinstance.
- user¶
Accessor to the related object on the forward side of a many-to-one or one-to-one (via ForwardOneToOneDescriptor subclass) relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Child.parentis aForwardManyToOneDescriptorinstance.
- status¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- note¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- cancelled_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- created_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- exception DoesNotExist¶
Bases:
ObjectDoesNotExist
- exception MultipleObjectsReturned¶
Bases:
MultipleObjectsReturned
- activity_id¶
- get_next_by_created_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: created_at>, is_next=True, **kwargs)¶
- get_previous_by_created_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: created_at>, is_next=False, **kwargs)¶
- get_status_display(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.CharField: status>)¶
- id¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- objects = <django.db.models.manager.Manager object>¶
- user_id¶
- class django_program.programs.models.TravelGrant[source]¶
Bases:
ModelA travel grant application for a conference.
Modeled after PyCon US’s travel grant system. Tracks the full application lifecycle from submission through review, offer, and acceptance. Sensitive reimbursement details (bank info) are NOT stored here — they belong in a separate secure model collected only after acceptance.
- class GrantStatus[source]¶
Bases:
TextChoicesLifecycle states for a travel grant application.
- SUBMITTED = 'submitted'¶
- WITHDRAWN = 'withdrawn'¶
- INFO_NEEDED = 'info_needed'¶
- OFFERED = 'offered'¶
- NEED_MORE = 'need_more'¶
- REJECTED = 'rejected'¶
- DECLINED = 'declined'¶
- ACCEPTED = 'accepted'¶
- DISBURSED = 'disbursed'¶
- __new__(value)¶
- class RequestType[source]¶
Bases:
TextChoicesWhat the applicant is requesting.
- TICKET_ONLY = 'ticket_only'¶
- TICKET_AND_GRANT = 'ticket_and_grant'¶
- __new__(value)¶
- class ExperienceLevel[source]¶
Bases:
TextChoicesPython experience level of the applicant.
- BEGINNER = 'beginner'¶
- INTERMEDIATE = 'intermediate'¶
- EXPERT = 'expert'¶
- __new__(value)¶
- class ApplicationType[source]¶
Bases:
TextChoicesClassification of the grant application.
- GENERAL = 'general'¶
- STAFF = 'staff'¶
- SPEAKER = 'speaker'¶
- CORE_DEV = 'core_dev'¶
- PSF_BOARD = 'psf_board'¶
- COMMUNITY = 'community'¶
- EDUCATION = 'education'¶
- PYLADIES = 'pyladies'¶
- OTHER = 'other'¶
- __new__(value)¶
- conference¶
Accessor to the related object on the forward side of a many-to-one or one-to-one (via ForwardOneToOneDescriptor subclass) relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Child.parentis aForwardManyToOneDescriptorinstance.
- user¶
Accessor to the related object on the forward side of a many-to-one or one-to-one (via ForwardOneToOneDescriptor subclass) relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Child.parentis aForwardManyToOneDescriptorinstance.
- status¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- application_type¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- request_type¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- travel_from¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- international¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- first_time¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- travel_plans_airfare_description¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- travel_plans_airfare_amount¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- travel_plans_lodging_description¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- travel_plans_lodging_amount¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- travel_plans_transit_description¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- travel_plans_transit_amount¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- travel_plans_visa_description¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- travel_plans_visa_amount¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- requested_amount¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- approved_amount¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- experience_level¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- occupation¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- involvement¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- reason¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- days_attending¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- sharing_expenses¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- traveling_with¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- reviewer_notes¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- promo_code¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- reviewed_by¶
Accessor to the related object on the forward side of a many-to-one or one-to-one (via ForwardOneToOneDescriptor subclass) relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Child.parentis aForwardManyToOneDescriptorinstance.
- reviewed_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- disbursed_amount¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- disbursed_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- disbursed_by¶
Accessor to the related object on the forward side of a many-to-one or one-to-one (via ForwardOneToOneDescriptor subclass) relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Child.parentis aForwardManyToOneDescriptorinstance.
- created_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- updated_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- property is_ready_for_disbursement: bool¶
Whether grant has approved receipts and payment info, ready to disburse.
- exception DoesNotExist¶
Bases:
ObjectDoesNotExist
- exception MultipleObjectsReturned¶
Bases:
MultipleObjectsReturned
- conference_id¶
- disbursed_by_id¶
- get_application_type_display(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.CharField: application_type>)¶
- get_experience_level_display(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.CharField: experience_level>)¶
- get_next_by_created_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: created_at>, is_next=True, **kwargs)¶
- get_next_by_updated_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: updated_at>, is_next=True, **kwargs)¶
- get_previous_by_created_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: created_at>, is_next=False, **kwargs)¶
- get_previous_by_updated_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: updated_at>, is_next=False, **kwargs)¶
- get_request_type_display(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.CharField: request_type>)¶
- get_status_display(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.CharField: status>)¶
- id¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- messages¶
Accessor to the related objects manager on the reverse side of a many-to-one relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Parent.childrenis aReverseManyToOneDescriptorinstance.Most of the implementation is delegated to a dynamically defined manager class built by
create_forward_many_to_many_manager()defined below.
- objects = <django.db.models.manager.Manager object>¶
- payment_info¶
Accessor to the related object on the reverse side of a one-to-one relation.
In the example:
class Restaurant(Model): place = OneToOneField(Place, related_name='restaurant')
Place.restaurantis aReverseOneToOneDescriptorinstance.
- receipts¶
Accessor to the related objects manager on the reverse side of a many-to-one relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Parent.childrenis aReverseManyToOneDescriptorinstance.Most of the implementation is delegated to a dynamically defined manager class built by
create_forward_many_to_many_manager()defined below.
- reviewed_by_id¶
- user_id¶
- class django_program.programs.models.TravelGrantMessage[source]¶
Bases:
ModelMessage attached to a travel grant application.
Reviewers can leave internal notes (visible=False) or messages visible to the applicant (visible=True). Applicant messages are always visible to reviewers.
- grant¶
Accessor to the related object on the forward side of a many-to-one or one-to-one (via ForwardOneToOneDescriptor subclass) relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Child.parentis aForwardManyToOneDescriptorinstance.
- user¶
Accessor to the related object on the forward side of a many-to-one or one-to-one (via ForwardOneToOneDescriptor subclass) relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Child.parentis aForwardManyToOneDescriptorinstance.
- visible¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- message¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- created_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- exception DoesNotExist¶
Bases:
ObjectDoesNotExist
- exception MultipleObjectsReturned¶
Bases:
MultipleObjectsReturned
- get_next_by_created_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: created_at>, is_next=True, **kwargs)¶
- get_previous_by_created_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: created_at>, is_next=False, **kwargs)¶
- grant_id¶
- id¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- objects = <django.db.models.manager.Manager object>¶
- user_id¶
- django_program.programs.models.receipt_upload_path(instance, filename)[source]¶
Build per-user upload path:
travel_grant_receipts/<username>/<filename>.
- class django_program.programs.models.Receipt[source]¶
Bases:
ModelAn expense receipt uploaded by a travel grant recipient.
- class ReceiptType[source]¶
Bases:
TextChoices- AIRFARE = 'airfare'¶
- LODGING = 'lodging'¶
- __new__(value)¶
- grant¶
Accessor to the related object on the forward side of a many-to-one or one-to-one (via ForwardOneToOneDescriptor subclass) relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Child.parentis aForwardManyToOneDescriptorinstance.
- receipt_type¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- description¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- amount¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- date¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- receipt_file¶
The descriptor for the file attribute on the model instance. Return a FieldFile when accessed so you can write code like:
>>> from myapp.models import MyModel >>> instance = MyModel.objects.get(pk=1) >>> instance.file.size
Assign a file object on assignment so you can do:
>>> with open('/path/to/hello.world') as f: ... instance.file = File(f)
- approved¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- approved_by¶
Accessor to the related object on the forward side of a many-to-one or one-to-one (via ForwardOneToOneDescriptor subclass) relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Child.parentis aForwardManyToOneDescriptorinstance.
- approved_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- flagged¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- flagged_reason¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- flagged_by¶
Accessor to the related object on the forward side of a many-to-one or one-to-one (via ForwardOneToOneDescriptor subclass) relation.
In the example:
class Child(Model): parent = ForeignKey(Parent, related_name='children')
Child.parentis aForwardManyToOneDescriptorinstance.
- flagged_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- created_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- exception DoesNotExist¶
Bases:
ObjectDoesNotExist
- exception MultipleObjectsReturned¶
Bases:
MultipleObjectsReturned
- approved_by_id¶
- flagged_by_id¶
- get_next_by_created_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: created_at>, is_next=True, **kwargs)¶
- get_next_by_date(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateField: date>, is_next=True, **kwargs)¶
- get_previous_by_created_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: created_at>, is_next=False, **kwargs)¶
- get_previous_by_date(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateField: date>, is_next=False, **kwargs)¶
- get_receipt_type_display(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.CharField: receipt_type>)¶
- grant_id¶
- id¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- objects = <django.db.models.manager.Manager object>¶
- class django_program.programs.models.PaymentInfo[source]¶
Bases:
ModelSecure payment details for travel grant reimbursement.
- class PaymentMethod[source]¶
Bases:
TextChoices- ZELLE = 'zelle'¶
- PAYPAL = 'paypal'¶
- ACH = 'ach'¶
- WIRE = 'wire'¶
- WISE = 'wise'¶
- CHECK = 'check'¶
- __new__(value)¶
- grant¶
Accessor to the related object on the forward side of a one-to-one relation.
In the example:
class Restaurant(Model): place = OneToOneField(Place, related_name='restaurant')
Restaurant.placeis aForwardOneToOneDescriptorinstance.
- payment_method¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- legal_name¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- address_street¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- address_city¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- address_state¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- address_zip¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- address_country¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- paypal_email¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- zelle_email¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- wise_email¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- bank_name¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- bank_account_number¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- bank_routing_number¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- bank_holder_name¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- bank_holder_address¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- bank_address¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- bank_additional¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- created_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- updated_at¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- exception DoesNotExist¶
Bases:
ObjectDoesNotExist
- exception MultipleObjectsReturned¶
Bases:
MultipleObjectsReturned
- get_next_by_created_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: created_at>, is_next=True, **kwargs)¶
- get_next_by_updated_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: updated_at>, is_next=True, **kwargs)¶
- get_payment_method_display(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.CharField: payment_method>)¶
- get_previous_by_created_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: created_at>, is_next=False, **kwargs)¶
- get_previous_by_updated_at(*, field=<django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: updated_at>, is_next=False, **kwargs)¶
- grant_id¶
- id¶
A wrapper for a deferred-loading field. When the value is read from this object the first time, the query is executed.
- objects = <django.db.models.manager.Manager object>¶